Steam-engine.



S. O. CARTER STEAM ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED MAY 23, 1902. no MODEL.

6 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

WITNESSES.-

INVENTOR.

ATTORNEY.

PATENTED DEC. 15, 1903.

PATBNTED DEC. 15, 1903.

s. C. CARTER.

STEAM ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED MAY 23, 1902.

6 SHEETS-$HEET 2.

no MODEL.

W/ZZZ/H m r/127M W W M M y W a y W MI? a a WITNESSES.- @%@%w @WMQM I] INVENT'OR. wfiflzk BY 1 ATTORNEY.

PATENTED DEC. 15, 1903. s. G. CARTER.

STEAM ENGINE.

APPLIOATION FILED MAY 23. 1902 INVENTOkR BY 1 I ATTORNEY.

z z EEWI k x l W WITNESSES.

No. 747,135. r PATENTED 1330.15, 1903.

s. c. CARTER.

STEAM ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED MAY 23, 1902.

H0 MODEL. 6 SHEETS-SHEET 4.

2a. 8 I .w;

| 7/ mm HHH 7x w 2'? 56. It WITNESSES: j] INVENTOR.

[/ jam, By

ATTORNEY.

PATENTED DEG. 15,1903.

S. C. CARTER.

STEAM ENGINE APPLICATION FILED my 2a, 1902.

e sums-sum a.

N0 MODEL.

VEN T 01?.

ATTORNEY.

No. 747,135, PATBNTED DEG. 15, 1903.

I s. c. CARTER.

STEAM ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED MAY 2-3, 1902.

N0 MODEL 6 sums-suns: 30

2 a a?" 87 25. n

HI I! W M) 55' mrzvassas- INVENTORI W5 w v 8% @252.- gm I 4 y I ATTORNEY.

rrn

Patented December 15, 1903. I

SAMUEL O. CARTER, OF DENVER, COLORADO.

STEAM- -ENGINE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 747,135, dated December 15, 1903. Application filed May 23,1902. Serial No. 108,724. .No model.)

T at whom it may concern: I

Be it known that I, SAMUEL (1- CARTER, a citizen of the United States of America, residing at Denver, in the county of Arapahoe and State of Colorado, haveinvented certain new and useful Improvements inSteam-Engin'es; and I do declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enableothers skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same, reference beinghad to the accompanying drawings, and to the figures of reference marked thereon, which form a part of this specification. I

My invention relates toimprovements in engines adapted to be operated by air or steam; and it consists of the features, arrangements, and combinations hereinafter described and claimed, all of which willbe fully understood by reference to the accompanying drawings, in which is illustrated an embodiment thereof.

In the drawings,Figure l is a general view of my improved engine shown in top plan view with reversing-valve,steam and exhaust pipes connected. Fig. 2 is a detail view of the reversing-valve employed. Fig. 3 is another View of the reversing-valve, taken in the di-' rection of the arrow A, Fig. 1. Fig. 4 is an underneath face view of the reversing-valve. Fig. 5 is a detail face view of the part containing the steam and exhaust ports which communicate with the reversing-valve cylin der. Fig. 6 is a detail view'of the reversingvalve cylinder. Fig. 7 is a cross-section of the reversing-valve cylinder, taken through the line y y of Fig. 6 Fig. Sis a central longitudinal section of the reversing-valve cylinder, taken through the line 00 03 of Fig. 7. Fig. 9 is a detail side elevation of the engine, showing its connecting mechanism for operating the steam and exhaust valves and the adjustable cutoff. Fig. 10is a similar view to that shown in Fig. 9 with portions broken away, the cut-off levers being out of engagement and the steam-valve connected to supply steam lo the cylinder for the full stroke of the piston. the engine and its valve-regulating mechanism. Fig. 12 is a face view of the steam-cylinder casing,showing the steam ports and exhausts tocylinder and steam-valve. Fig. 13

Fig. 11 is a top plan View of rically opposite to that shown in Fig. 12,showing the exhaust passages and ports com municating with the steam-cylinder and exhaust-valve. Fig. 14 is an inner face view of the steam-valve casing, showing the steam and exhaust ports which communicate with the steam and exhaust ports and passages shown in Fig. 12, and is arranged to be fitted to the face of cylinder-casing shown in said figure. Fig. l5is an inner face view of the exhaust-valve casing, showing the exhaustports which communicate with the exhaust ports and passages shown in Fig. 13, and is arranged to be fitted over the exhaust side of cylinder-casing, as shown in said figure. Fig. 16 is a detail view of the valve-cylinder employed.

it and k kof Fig. 16, respectively, and shown in the directions indicated by the arrows in said figure. Fig. 19 is a central vertical section taken through the line A B of Fig. 11 and showing thesteam and exhaust valves in position for the downward stroke of the piston. Fig. 20 is a similar section showing the valves in position for the upward stroke of the piston. Fig. 21 is a vertical section of the cylinder-casing,taken through the linejj of Figs. 1 and 11 and showing the passages communicating with the steam and exhaust ports of the independent exhaust-valve. Fig. 22 is a verticalsection of the cylinder-casing, taken throughthe line S8 of Fig. ll and showiug the steamand exhaust passages com municating with the steam and exhaust ports of the steam-valve. Fig. 23 is a detail sectional view showing the normal position of the steam-valve cylinder with all communicating ports to steam-cylinder shut off.

Referring to the drawings, it will be seen that the steam is supplied to the cylinder through a particularlydevised reversingvalve having three ports, through one of which the-steam passes out to the engine, returning (as exhaust) through a second port adjoining it, whence it passes through the valve-cylinder to the third port, which communicates with the exhaust-chamber, as will be hereinafter described.

The supply and exhaust ports to the steamcylinder are regulated by two distinct valves. That shown to the right of the cylinder will Figs. 17. and 18 are cross-sections of the valve-cylinder,taken through the lines herein be designated as the steam-valve and that shown to the left of the cylinder as the exhaust-valve. The exhaust is also controlled by the steam-valve 26, giving the engine a double exhaust except when running on expansion, in which last-named event the exhaust-port of the steam-valve is closed and the exhaust from the cylinder is controlled exclusively by the valve 29, in- IO closed in the casing 28, the said last-named valve being termed herein the exhaustvalve or the independent exhaust-valve, to distinguish it from the steam-valve 26, inclosed in the casing 21, since the steam-valve also performs the exhaust function, as heretofore explained.

The steam-valve communicates with the reversing-valve through two passages, one for the live steam and the other for the exhaust.

The course of the steam may be reversed when it is desired to reverse the engine, as will be hereinafter described.

The exhaust-valve has two passages communicating with the open-air or exhaust pipe,

2 5 one of which passages is automatically closed,

according to the direction in which the engine is running.

' As seen in Figs. 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8, the reversing-valve is provided with a casing 10,

0 which is connected to the steam-supply pipe 11,leading from theboiler. (Notshown.) 12 is a short cylinder which is fitted into the casing 10, its open .end 12 communicating with the supply-pipe 11. This cylinder 12 is divided 5 into three compartments 12", 12, and 12 by the partition-wall 12 (See, Figs. 7 and 8.)

The compartment 12 has a port 12 the compartment 12 a port 12 and the compartment .12 two ports 12 and 12 The cylinder 12 is so placed within the easing 10 as to have its ports register with the ports 10, 10, and 10, cut in the face 10 of said casing. (See Fig. 5.) Fitted over the face 10 of the casing 10 is the cap or coupling-plate13, which when placed in position forms the compartments 13*, 13 and 13, (shown by dotted lines in Fig. 3,) which connect the ports 10", 10, and 10 respectively, with the threadedfittings 13, 13", and 13 of the cap 13. Attached to the cylinder 12 and extending through a stufling-box 10 is a stem 77, which has a manipulating-lever 78 seoured to its protruding end.

The reversing-valve just described is connected to the steam side of the cylinder through the pipes 14 and 15. (See Fig. 1.) The steam passes through the pipe 14 as live steam and returns through the pipe 15 as exhaust, or vice versa, according to the direction in which the engine is running. The

pipes 14 and 15 are connected to short passages 16 and 17, arranged in the cylindercasing 18 and communicating with the ports 19 and 20. r

21 is the steam-valve casing, the inner face 21 of which is shown in Fig. 14. 'This valvecasing is arranged to be fitted over the steam side ofthe cylinder-casing. (Shown in Fig.12.) Its ports 21 and 21 register, respectively, with the ports 19 and 20 of the cylinder-casing, and its ports 21 and 21 communicate withthe' recessed portions 22 and 23 of the cylinder-casing. Formed in the outer ends of these recessed portions 22 and 23 are the ports 24 and 25, which communicate with the ends of the cylinder.

The cylinder 26 of the steam-valve (a detail ,of which is shown in Fig. 16) is arranged somewhat similar to the cylinder 12 of the reversing-valve, but is provided with a port 26 and closed ends in place of the open end 12 of the reversing-cylinder. A partitionwall 26 (shown by dotted lines in Fig. 16) divides the cylinder into compartments 26 and 26. The compartment 26 is provided with the ports 26 and 26 and the compartment 26 with the ports 26*, 26, and 26.

The valve-cylinder 26 is placed in its casing so as to have its ports register with the ports in the casing, as shown in Fig. 19, at one stroke of the'piston and is automatically turned into the position shown in Fig. 20 for the return stroke of the piston. This movement is effected in the following manner, (see Figs. 9 and 10:) Secured to one end of the valve-cylinder 26 is the stem 47, which extends through the stuffing-box 48 at the end of the casing 21 and has its outer end mounted in the projecting arm or bracket 49. (See Figs. 9 and 11.) Mounted on the stem 47 is the spring-pressed arm 50, which is rigidly secured to the stem 47 by the adjustingscrew 50. Projecting outwardly from the arm 50 is the short arm 50, the free end of which rests between two flat springs 51 51, which serve to hold the arm 50 normally in a horizontal position, as shown in the drawings. Mounted on the main shaft 52 (see Fig. 9) is the eccentric 53, having the connecting-rod 53, which is connected at its upper end to the reciprocating rod 54. This reciprocating rod 54 is mounted in a yoked bearing 55, adapted to be adjusted laterally in blocks 56 56,made fast to one side of the cylinder-casing.

Secured to the reciprocating rod 54 and projecting toward the valve-stem 47 is the arm 57, having the plates or arms 57 at its end. Between these plates a groove 57 is formed for the reception of a short pin 50*, secured near the end of the arm 50.

When the reciprocating rod is adjusted to the position shown in Fig. 10, the pin 50 is at all times in engagement with the groove 57 of the arm 57 and by this means causes the Valve-cylinder to be reciprocated so as to supply steam alternately to each side of the piston-head, as shown in Figs. 19 and 20, allowing a full stroke of live steam in each direction.

To utilize the expansive force of the steam, I have arranged a cut-oflf device, as follows, Viz: Secured to the reciprocating rod 54 is a second projecting arm 59, which when the rod 54 is adjusted to the position shown in valve 28.

-- 30 and 30.

Fig. 9 is on a line with and engages the short arm of the valve-stem 47, and it will be seen. that at each stroke of the rod 54 its arm 59, by reason of its sliding engagement with the arm 50, will cause the valve to be opened, admitting steam to the cylinder, but returning to its normal position as soon as disengaged from the arm 59 by reason of the flat springs 51, at which point the steam is entirely out OK from the cylinder, as shown in Fig. 23.

It will be seen that when the adjustable rod 54 is in the position shown in Fig. 9 the pin 50 is free from the groove 57 and the sole movement given to the arm 50 is its passing engagement with the second arm 59 of the reciprocating rod 54.

To adjust the arm 54 and its hearings to and from the steam-valve stem 47, I have arranged the operating-lever 60, which is pivoted as at 61, having the manipulating-handle at one end and connected at its other end to the cross-bar 63 by the short vertical rod 62. The cross-bar 63 is secured at one end to the pivoted arm 64 and at its other end to the bell-crank lever 65, which is pivoted to the cylinder-casing at 67. This lever has its lower arm connected to the yoke-bearing by the short arm 66. To regulate the travel of the yoke-bearing 55, I have arranged the adjusting-bolt 68, which is threaded through the cross-rod 63 and limits the travel of the yoke-bearing by its engagement with the exhaust-valve casing, as shown in Fig. 9.

Secured to the cylinder casing and diametrically opposite the steam valve just described is arranged the independent exhaust- (See Fig. 15.) This valve 28 is provided with a valve-cylinder 29, arranged identical to that shown and just described in the steam-valve. Its compartments 29 and 29 correspond with the compartments 26 and 26 in the steam'cylinder, and its ports 29, 29 29*, 29, and 29 correspond with the ports 26, 26*, 26 26 and 26, of the steamcylinder. v communicate with the ports 30 and 30", cut in the valve-casing 28, and its central ports 29", 29, and 29 communicate with the ports This exhaust-valve when fitted intoposition on the exhaust side of the cylinder-casing (shown'in Fig. 13) has its ports 30 and 30 registering with the ports 31 and 32 in the cylinder-casing. These ports 31 and 32 communicate with the passages 33 and 34, cut in the cylinder-casing, which are also provided with ports 35 and 36, which register with the recessed portions 30 and 30 in the exhaust-valve casing, which when the casing is in position form passages leading to the exhaust-pipe 37, and the ports 30 and 30 communicate with the recessed portions 18 and 18 of the cylinder-casing. Formed in the outer ends of these recessed portions 18 and 18 are the ports 18 and lb, which communicate with the ends of the cylinder.

Each of the exhaust-passages 33 and 34 in The outer or end ports 29 and 29 the cylinder-casing 18 (see Fig. 21) is provided with a valve 37 and a plunger 39, secured to a stem 40. These stems 40 protrude through the stuffing-boxes 41 in the head of the cylinder-casing and are connected at their outer ends by an arm 42, which is centrally pivoted at 43.

Two small passages 44 and 45 connect the steam-passages 16 and 17 with the exhaustpassages 33 and 34. These are arranged on opposite sides of the cylinder-head, as shown in dotted lines in Fig. 11.

The exhaust-valve cylinder is placed in its casing so as to have its ports register with the ports of the casing, as shown in Fig. 19, at one stroke of the piston, and is turned to the position shown in Fig. 20 for the return stroke of the piston. This exhaust-valve cylinder is also connected to a stem 68, which protrudes through the stuffing-box 69 and is pivoted in the arm or bracket 70 on the exhaust side of the engine. Made fast to the valvestem 68 is a short rock-arm 71, which is rigidly secured in position by an adjusting-screw 71 and the rock-arm 71 is in turn connected to the adjustable connecting-rod 72, the lower end of which is pivoted to the connecting-rod 53 of the eccentric 53, as at 73, thus giving a rotary motion in reverse directions to the exhaust-valve cylinder.

To balance the valve-cylinders, a steam cushion is formed around their outer surfaces by the introduction of live steam through small check-valves 74 and 75. (See Figs. 17 and 18.) These check-valves 74 and 75 communicate with the compartments 26 and 26 of the valve-cylinder, permitting a sufficient amount of steam to circulate around the valve-cylinder to cushion it from its casing, and the cut-away portion 26 of the cylinder 26, which is diametrically -opposite to the ports of said cylinder, forms an excess of steam-pressure at this point, thereby taking up the wear and preserving a close sliding contact between the ports of the valve-cylinder and the ports in its casing.

To balance the exhaust-cylinder in its casing in a like manner to the steam-cylinder just described, a small steam-passage 76 is made leading from the steam-valve casing 21 to the exhaust-valve casing 30, and as the exhaust-valve cylinder is arranged identical to the steam-valve cylinder its cut-away por' tion will form an excess of pressure opposite its ports, thereby taking up the wear of the exhaust-valve cylinderand preservingaclose sliding contact between its ports. The steam admitted by way of the check-valves 74 and 75 to the passage formed by the cut-away part 26 of the valve 26 not only holds the port side of the valve 26 in close contact with the casing, but circulates around its cylindrical surface and its ends, thus forming very nearly a perfect balance, with a slight excess of pressure directly opposite the cut-away port 26 to prevent any escape of the steam through the ports of the casing except by way of the valve-compartments. One of the valves 74 and 75 is always open and the other is always closed. The oven valve is connected with the compartment 26 or 26 which is open to the live steam. The live steam forces one check-valve outwardly and holds. it open while it presses down on the other checkvalve and holds it closed, thus cutting off any communication between the two opposite compartments-that is to say, the livesteam and exhaust-steam compartments. In this way the valve 26 is always balanced or very nearly balanced, and it is by reason of this fact that the weak springs 51 return it to its normal position or that shown in Fig. 3 with all of its ports closed as soon as the arm 50, connected with the stem 47, is released. By means of. this simple provision the engine is made to run on expansion. Without the balance feature the force required to return the valve to its normal or closed position would require more complicated and quite impracticable machanism, especially when the engine is used for propelling vehicles, for which purpose the device is especially intended. When the engine is running on expansion, the independent exhaustvalve 29 is an absolute necessity, and while this valve is cushioned or balanced by the introduction of a small amount of live steam, as heretofore explained, there is not the same necessity for balancing this valve as the valve 26, since the independent exhaust-valve 29 is at all times actuated by the rod 72, operated from the eccentric of the main shaft. The balance feature, however, is exceedingly important with the valve 26 when the engine is running on expansion, as heretofore explained.

In operation it will be seen that the steam on entering the reversing-valve may be directed either to the pipe 14 or pipe 15 at the will of the operator- I will herein describe the course of the steam when directed through the pipe 14 to the engine, viz: The cylinder 12 is turned by its manipulatinglever 78 so as to have its ports 12 register with the port 10 of the casing 10, and the exhaust-port 12 will register with the port 10 of the casing.

The steam will now pass through the pipe 11 to the throttle-valve into the chambers 12 and 12 through the ports 12 and 10 compartment 13, port 13, pipe 14, to passage 16 in the cylinder-casing through ports 19, 21, and 26, to compartment 26 through ports 26 and 21, recessed portion 22 to port 24 to steamcylinder, the exhaust passing out of the steam-cylinder through the port 25, recessed portion 23, ports 21 and 26 to compartment 26 to ports 26*, 21 and 20 to passage 17, returning to reversing-valve through pipe 15,

I port 13, compartment 13, ports 10 and l2 to compartment 12, thence through ports 12 and 10 compartment 13, port 13 to exhaustpipe 37. This'being the course of the steam at the downward stroke of the piston, as seen in Fig. 19, and as the piston travels in a downward direction, turning the main shaft of the engine, its eccentric 53, with its connections, as above described, will cause the valve-cylinder 26 to turn to the position shown in Fig. 20, and while the course of the steam through the reversing-valve remains the same the port 26 of the steam-valve is closed and the port 26 made to register with the port 21 permitting the live steam to enter the opposite side of the piston from the compartment 26 through the ports 26 and 21 recessed portion 23, and port 25, while the exhaust passes out through the port 24, recessed portion 22, and ports 21, 26, and 26 to the compartment 26.

In the operation just outlined the cylinder 26,with its connections, is actuated by the eccentric 53 and its connections through the pin 50, as above described; but when the expansive force of the steam is to be utilized the cut-01f mechanism is thrown into engagement, and the pin 50 being out of engagement the cylinder 26 is held normally in the position shown in Fig. 23, with its ports 26, 26*, and 26 all closed, and the cylinder is actuated intermittently through the passing engagement of the arm 59, alternately establishing steam communication to each side of the piston for a fraction ofeach stroke. To reverse the engine, the manipulator has but to turn the handle 78 so as to have the port 12 register with the port 10 of the casing, when the course of the steam will be directed so as to pass to the engine through the pipe l5,and the compartment 26 becomes the livesteam compartment of the steam-cylinder 26, and the exhaust passes out through the compartment 26 to the pipe 14 in justthe reverse direction to that above described, the pipe 14 being new in open communication with the exhaust-pipe 37 through the reversingvalve 10.

When the steam is supplied to the engine through the pipe 14 and passage 16, its pres sure is communicated, through the small passage 44, (see Figs. 11 and 21,) to the passage 33 on the exhaust side, forcing down the plunger 39 (on the left-hand side of Fig. 21) and causing the valve 37 to close the passage 33 between the ports 31 and 35, and by reason of the arm 42 connecting said valve to the valve 37 in the passage 34 this valve is raised to the position shown in Fig. 21 of the drawings, leaving open communication between the ports 32 and 36. The exhaust is now permitted to pass out through the port 18 recessed portion 18 ports 30 and 29 from whence it passes through the ports 30 and 32, passage 34, port 36, and passage 3O to exhaust-pipe 37, and when the engine is reversed aud steam is supplied through the pipe 15, as above described, its pressure is communicated through the small passage 45 to the exhaust-passage 34, where the positions of the valves and plungers are reversed, (from the positions shown in Fig. 21,) closing the passage 34 between the ports 32 and 36 and opening the passage 33 between the ports 31 and 35, thus permitting the exhaust to pass out through the compartment 29, which now has open communication through the passage 33 to the exhaust-pipe 37.

It is evident from the foregoing description that when the cylinder is exhausting through either compartment 2?) or 29 of the independent exhaust-valve the other compartment which is in communication with the live steam is closed to prevent the escape of live steam by one of the valves 37. In Fig. 2 the valve 37 at the left is in a position to perform this function.

While provision is made to exhaust through the steam-valve 21, as above described, it will be seen that the exhaust is cut off simultaneously with the live steam on this side when running under expansion, thus making it essential to exhaust through the independent exhaust-valve 28 for the remainder of the stroke.

It has been found in practice that the double exhaust formed on each side of the cylinder materially reduces the back pressure on the exhaust side of the piston. This is of particular value at the beginning of the stroke, when both exhaust-ports are at all times open.

Attention is called to the fact that the valve herein termed a throttle-valve is a combined reversing and throttle valve. While the reversing function is accomplished, as heretofore explained, the throttle function may also be performed. In other words, the operating fluid may be entirely shut 0E by stopping the valve 12 in the position of valve 26in Fig. 3. So far as the arrangement of the ports is concerned Fig. 23 illustrates how the steam is cut off by the valve 12that is to say, by stopping the valve 12 so thatits middle port 12 is directly beneath the closed part of thecasing-plate 10 between the casing-ports 10 and 10. From this it will be understood that the valve 12 performs every function of a throttle-valve as Well as the function of a reversing-valve.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim is 1. The combination with a cylinder and piston, of a steam-valve casing mounted on the cylinder-casing, the valve-casing having two ports registering with ports of the cylindercasing and communicating with opposite ends of the cylinder, a cylinder-valve mounted in the valvecasing to have a rotary movement and provided with two compartments adapted toreceive live and exhaust steam, one compartment having three ports and the other compartment having two ports, two of the three ports being alternately open and closed, the open port of the valve registering with one port of the casing during one stroke of the piston and with the other port of the casing during the other stroke of the piston, and one port of the other compartment being alternately in register with the two ports of the casing according to the stroke of the cylinder-piston, the cylinder-valve being provided with valvecontrolled ports leading from each compartment and communicating with a space formed between the said valve and the wall of the casing directly opposite the port side of the cylinder-valve.

2. The combination with a cylinder and piston, of a cylinder-valve mounted in a chamber formed in the cylinder-casing, said valve having two compartments open to the live steam and exhaust-steam, the said valve having ports on the side remote from the cylinder, said ports communicating with a space formed between the valve and its casing, to admit live steam for the purpose of balancing the valve and holding it close to the wall of its chamber on the cylinder side, and checkvalves controlling said ports.

3. The combination with a steam-cylinder and piston, of a steam-valve mounted on the cylinder and having two compartments through one of which the live steam passes to the piston-chamber and through the other of which the exhaust passes from the pistonchamber, the compartments beingalternately open to the live and exhaust steam, an inde-- pendent exhaust-valve casing also mounted on the cylinder-casing and having two ports communicating with passages formed in the cylinder-casing and leading to opposite ends of the piston-chamber, a cylinder-valve located in said exhaust-valve casing, said valve being mounted to have a rotary movement and having two compartments, three'ports communicating with one compartment, and two ports with the other compartment, two of the three ports of one compartment being alternately open to register with the ports of the cylinder-casing, one port of the other compartment being alternately in register with the casing-ports, and the other port of each compartment being alternately utilized for exhaust purposes.

4. The combination with a cylinder and piston, of a valve connected with the cylinder, two passages connected with the valve and through which the live and exhaust steam pass alternately, an exhaust-valve casing mounted on the cylinder and having two ports registering with passages formed in the cylin der-casing and leading to the opposite ends of the casing, a cylinder-valve located in the exhaust-valve casing, and providedwith two compartments, two end ports connected with the respective compartments, and three middle ports, two of which are connected with one compartment and the other with the other compartment, the two middle ports connected with the one compartment being alternately open and closed, the open port registering alternately with-the two ports of the exhaustvalve casing, the other middle port registering alternately with the two ports of the exhaust-valve casing, the two compartments of the cylinder-valve being alternately open for exhaust purposes.

5. The combination with a cylinder and pisston, the cylinder being connected with two passages through which the live and exhaust steam pass alternately, an exhaust-valve casing mounted on the cylinder-casing, and having two ports registering with passages leading to the cylinder-chamber on opposite sides of the piston, a cylinder-valve in the exhaust- .valve casing having two compartments, arranged to receive alternately the exhauststeam from the cylinder by way of the cylinder-casing passages and the valve casing ports, two passages connected with the two compartments of the cylinder-valvefor the escape of the exhaust-steam, valves located in said passages, and means for alternately opening one valve and closing the other for the escape of exhaust-steam.

6. The combihation with a cylinder and piston, the cylinder being connected with two passages through which the live and exhaust steam pass alternately, and an exhaust-valve having two compartments alternatelyin communication with the cylinder for receiving the exhaust-steam, two passages in communication with the respective compartments of the exhaust-valve for the escape of the exhaust-steam, a Valve located in each passage, a stem with which each valve is connected, a plunger also on each stem, a rock-arm connected with the two stems, and ducts for carrying live steam to one passage or the other, to act on the plunger whereby one exhaustpassage is open and the other closed.

7. The combination with a cylinder, a piston and an eccentric, of a cylindrical valve for controlling the supply of steam to and its exhaust from the cylinder, the said valve being mounted to have a rotary movement and being normally spring-held to cut off the supply of steam to or its exhaust from the cylinder, said valve having two compartments adapted to be open to the live and exhaust steam, the said valve having two ports on the side remote from the cylinder and communieating with a space formed between the valve and the casing to admit live steam for the purpose of balancing the valve and holding it closed to the wall of its chamber on the cylinder side, and check-valves'controlling said ports, the arrangement being such that the check-valve of the live-steam compartment is always open and the check-valve 0f the exhaust-steam compartment is always closed, an independent exhaust-valve alsomounted on the cylinder-casing and connected with the cylinder-chamber, and means op-' erated from the eccentric for opening the steam-valve during a portion of the pistonstroke, the piston being actuated by expansion during the remainder of the stroke.

8. The combination witha cylinder and piston, of a cylinder-valve mounted in a chamber formed in the cylinder-casing, said valve having two compartments open to the live steam and to the exhaust-steam, the said valve having two ports to allow the live steam to pass between the valve and the adjacent wall of the cylinder-opening, the live steam passing through one of the said ports when the engine is traveling in one direction, and through the other of the said ports when the engine is reversed or traveling in the opposite direction, for the purpose of balancing the valve, and check-valves controlling the said ports.

9. The combination with a cylinder and piston, of a fluid-valve casing mounted on the cylinder-casing, and an exhaust-valve casing also mounted on the cylinder-casing, a cylindrical valve located in each casing and having two compartments, each valve having ports on one side arranged in operative relation with ports located in its casing; the fluid-valve being provided with openings leading from the respective valve-compartments to allow the live steam to pass between the valve and the adjacent wall of its casing forbalancing the valve; and a passage leading from the fluid-valve casing to the exhaust-valve casing to allow fluid to pass between the exhaust-valve and the adjacent walls of its casing, for balancing the exhaustvalve.

10. The combination with a cylinder and a piston, of a valve-casing mounted on the cylinder, a cylindrical valve mounted in operative relation to control the passage of steam to and its exhaust from the cylinder, the valve-casing having suitable ports for the purpose, thesaid valve having two compartments through which the live steam and exhaust-steam pass alternately, a check-Valve located in an opening leading from each compartment to a space formed between the valve and its casing on the side of the valve opposite its main ports.

11. The combination with a cylinder and piston, of a fluid-valve casing mounted on the cylinder-casing and an exhaust-valve casing also mounted on the cylinder-casing, a cylindrical valve located in each casing and having two compartments, each valve having ports on one side arranged in operative relation with ports located in its casing, each valve being also cut away on the side opposite the ports to form a fluid-space; the fluidvalve being provided with openings leading from the respective valve-compartments to the said space, and a check-valve-located in each opening of the said fluid-valve; and a passage leading from the fluid-valve casing to the exhaust-valve casing to supply fluid to the fluid-space for balancing the exhaustvalve and holding its port side in close contact with the corresponding side of the casing, the fluid-valve receiving its supply for the same purpose from the live fluid entering the one or the other compartment of the valve.

In testimony whereof I affix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

SAMUEL C. CARTER. Witnesses:

DENA NELSON, A. J. OBRIEN. 

